Cell Phone Etiquette from Ask Yahoo

Dear Yahoo!:

What is the etiquette for using a cell phone?

Christina Hartford City, Indiana

Dear Christina:

The etiquette for cell-phone usage follows the same principles as all good manners -- be considerate of others and keep your surroundings is mind. The sites we found by searching on "cell phone etiquette" and flipping through the Cellular Telephone Etiquette category in the Yahoo! Directory all echoed this basic sentiment. On a safety note, Tom and Ray from NPR's Car Talk show advise you to just say "no" to phone chatter while driving. Talking on a cell phone when you're driving can be as dangerous as driving drunk. If you must make or receive a call in the car, pull over. You'll be doing yourself and everyone else on the road a huge favor. Aside from safety, cell-phone users must realize that their private conversations often take place in public, and they need to modify their behavior accordingly. CellManners.com and PhoneyBusiness.com list the essentials of cell-phone etiquette: Speak softly. Cell phones are usually more sound sensitive than regular phones, so you don't need to yell to make yourself heard. And no amount of shouting will improve a bad connection. Respect the personal space of others by taking your conversation 10 or more feet away from people. Ideally, take your phone call into a private space. Refrain from using your phone in a place where others can't escape your conversation, such as in an elevator or on public transit. Do not interrupt a face-to-face conversation to take a cell-phone call. The person you are actually with takes priority. If you have a phone conversation in front of that person, you're showing that he or she is unimportant to you. Keep private matters private. Nobody wants to hear you fight with your spouse over your cell phone. If you use the phone for business, you could leak company-confidential information when talking in public. Turn your cell phone off during weddings, funerals, movies, live performances, sports events, business meetings, classes, and dates, and in places of worship, restrooms, restaurants, libraries, museums, and doctor or dentist waiting rooms. Another tip -- be wary of novelty ring tones. Not everyone will appreciate hearing the latest Britney Spears tune or Beethoven's Fifth every time you receive a call. Try using your phone's "vibrate" function instead of the ringer in public. Wondering how your cell-phone manners rate? Try this cell-phone etiquette quiz to see how polite you are.

Assignments

Assignments:

• Chapter summaries and maps (see syllabus and schedule)
  
• Objectives for taking class
  
• Letter formats
• Letters:
• Introduction
• Recommendation
• Cover letter
• Persuasive/Sales letter
• Resume
• Logo -- ViaSyl
• Letterhead -- ViaSyl
• Data presentation (chart)
• Memo report
  
• Midterm Portfolio
• Final Portfolio
  

Archive

Letters
Letters of Recommendation
Article: http://bcomca.blogspot.com/2005/10/letters-of-recommendation-from.html

Syllabus
Quick Links -- from Mc-Graw Hill
Messages This page has links to a variety of res...
E-mail -- McGraw-Hill
Letters of Recommendation -- from Chronicle of Higher Education
Full Block Letter Style
Assignment: Letter of Recommendation
Abina's Letter Format M-Map
Outline from Irene's Text Chapters Overview Map
11 Writing Tips -- from The Roberts Group

Assignment for Text Chapters

According to the weekly schedule, for each text chapter do the following:

1. Create a graphic organizer ("mind map") of 3-5 main ideas and supporting elements in each chapter. You may use MS Word's drawing tools, the Freemind software, or another tool of your choice
2. Write a summary paragraph using your mind map as guide.
3. E-mail your assignments as attachments to me at drsylviasf@gmail.com

APA Format from Gallaudet University

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APA Style General Guidelines

The following guidelines are based on information found in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th Ed. Paper Format In-text Citations Multiple Authors Personal Interview/Email Works with No Authors Secondary Sources Electronic Sources Quotes of 40 Words References Format REF: Books REF: Articles REF: Electronic Sources REF: Nonprint Media Paper Format Always check with your instructor to see if he or she has any different requirements or specifications for your paper. Margins should be at minimum of 1" (one inch) on all sides. Preferred typefaces: Times New Roman, 12pt; Courier, 12pt; all serif typeface. Pages are numbered 1, 2, 3... starting with the title page, and including the reference page. Each page must have a header consisting of one or two words of your title and the page number in the top right-hand corner. All lines including titles and subtitles must be double spaced. The only time a triple space is used is directly after the running head. In-text citations of more than 40 words should be indented 10 spaces without quotation marks. Do not give the first line an additional indent. Order of the paper should be: title page, text (body), and references. For more complicated paper, please visit English Works! for further assistance. back to top In-Text Citations Citations for Most Written Sources APA guidelines require that the writer give credit for ALL information whether it be a direct quote or a paraphrase. Generally, you are required to give the following information: author, year of publication, and page number for any direct quote. For paraphrases, you are only required to give the author and year of publication, though it is suggested that you also provide the page number. You should use p. (or pp. for multiple pages) before the page numbers in in-text citations. Direct Quote "Apes can gesture, but do not understand the grammatical structure of American Sign Language" (Smith, 1994, p. 345). Paraphrase It has been shown that apes do not actually understand the syntax and structure of ASL (Smith, 1994, p. 345). If there is no publication date, cite the author’s last name followed by a comma and n.d. (for no date). Direct Quote from a source with no publication date "Doctors have been prescribing a new drug to treat social anxiety" (Geraldi, n.d., p. 24). If you include the author's name as part of the sentence, just give the year in parenthesis directly after the author's name, and put the page number in parenthesis after the quote. Direct Quote with author's name in the sentence According to Jack Gannon (1988), "The protest provided a wonderful opportunity for those interpreters to assist the deaf community" (p. 94). Paraphrase with author's name in the sentence Jack Gannon (1988) explained that the DPN protest gave interpreters a chance to help Gallaudet's deaf community (p. 94). If you include the author's name and date of publication as part of the sentence in which you use a direct quote, you should put the page number in parenthesis after the quote. If you include the author's name and date as part of a paraphrased sentence, you don't have to put anything additional in parenthesis. You can, if you chose to, provide the page number after the paraphrased information, but the page number is not required. Direct Quote with author's name and date in the sentence In 1988, Jack Gannon explained that "the protest provided a wonderful opportunity for those interpreters to assist the deaf community" (p. 94). Paraphrase with author's name and date in the sentence In 1988, Jack Gannon explained that the DPN protest gave interpreters a chance to help Gallaudet's deaf community (p. 94). If you refer to the same text more than once within one paragraph, give the author's name, date, and page number only the first time you cite the source. After the first time, just give the author's name and page number (if it is different from the prior page number). If you cite the same text in two different paragraphs, you need to include the full reference information in both paragraphs. First reference to a source "Gallaudet's Deaf community earned the respect of deaf communities around the world during their 1988 DPN Protest" (Harding, 1988, p. 86) Later reference to the same source (in the same paragraph) "Deaf people deserve the right to determine their own leaders, just as hearing people have the right to chose theirs" (Harding, p. 87). If you are using several different works to illustrate one point, you may find it necessary to cite two or more works written by different authors with different dates. In that situation, organize the information alphabetically by the authors' last names, and separate each block of information with a semicolon. Put all the names inside one set of parenthesis. Citing several different works by different authors at one time Several studies (Burna, 1980; Geraldi, 1988; Kesser & Morals, 1990) indicate that the cure for the common cold is just around the corner. back to top Multiple Authors When a source has two authors, you should give both last names. Within the parenthetical citation, use & between the authors' names. If you use their names in the sentence, just write out and between their names. Source with two authors The Oxford English Dictionary was written "specifically for learners of English as a foreign or second language" (Hornby & Ruse, 1976, p. 82). Source with two authors -- with authors' names in the sentence Hornby and Ruse (1976) explain that the Oxford English Dictionary was designed to be used mostly by new English users (p. 82). When a source has three, four or five authors, cite all the authors’ last names and the year the first time the reference occurs. For later references to the same source in the same paragraph, cite only the first author’s last name followed by et al. You do not need the year if it is in the same paragraph as the prior reference. If it is a repeated reference in a separate paragraph, cite the first author's last name followed by et al. and the year Source with 3-5 authors, a first reference "Scientists are tying to find a cure for the common cold" (Juneston, Craig, & Carter, 1993, p. 220). Same source, a later reference, same paragraph "There are thousands of different viruses that cause what we refer to as 'the common cold'" (Juneston, et al., p. 223). Same source, a later reference, different paragraph "Most of these viruses are not treatable with current antibiotic medications" (Juneston, et al., 1993, p. 223). If a source has 6 or more authors, use the first author's name, et al., the date and page number. Source with 6 or more authors "U.S. Congressmen are obsessed with getting re-elected and not concerned enough with making a real difference for their constituents" (Harris, et al., 1997, p. 76). Source with 6 or more authors -- with the author's name in sentence Harris, et al. (1997) argue that the United State Congress is too focused on getting re-elected and not focused enough on meeting their constituents' needs (p. 76). To cite a group author (e.g. association, organization, or government agency) you should spell out the full name for the first reference, give the abbreviation that you will use in brackets ([ ]), then use the abbreviation for later references. Group author -- first reference "Some people have adverse reactions to the flu shot, such as vomiting, fever, and rashes" (National Institute of Health [NIH], 1999). Group author -- later reference "The flu shots can only protect people against last year's strand of flu viruses" (NIH, 1999). back to top Citations for Interviews and Personal Communication Personal interviews and personal communications (email, group discussions, electronic bulletin boards, telephone conversations) are NOT mentioned at the end of the paper on the list of references. However, they are cited in-text throughout the paper. For personal communication, you should give the author's full name (first and middle initials followed by last name), the kind of communication, followed by the date of communication. Personal Communication 1 Survivors of the accident gave credit to the team of trained dogs for their rescue (K.L. Myers, personal interview, April 18, 1994). Personal Communication 2 "Parental involvement in a child's education is invaluable" (J. Meyers, TTY conversation, June 14, 1989). Personal Communication 3 "Parents should always know what their child's homework assignments are" (T. Geoffreys, personal email, September 18, 2000). back to top Citations for Works with No Authors If there is a work with no author named, cite the first few words of the title. Use quotation marks around the title of an article or chapter; italicize the title of a book, brochure, or report. Unsigned Article Many students become sick their first year of college, as they are introduced to entirely different germs ("Test Results," 1982, p. 63). Unsigned Book "Students will hopefully be able to form a bond with their first year roommate, as this can be a friendship that lasts them through life" (College Bound Seniors, 1979, p. 47). If the author is listed as "Anonymous," cite the word Anonymous followed by a comma and the date. Source by Anonymous Many people who are affected by stress are not even aware of the impact it has on their life (Anonymous, 2000). back to top Secondary Sources If you are reading one source, and it refers to something from another source, you need to reflect that in your in-text citations. For example, if you read a book by Greenwood, and Greenwood referred to a study by Breen (but you did not read Breen's study yourself), then you need to cite your source as follows: Work discussed in a secondary source Breen's study of early childhood language acquisition (as cited in Greenwood, 1998) shows that important language learning happens before the age of five. (Note: On your reference page, you only need to reference the work that you actually read). back to top Electronic Source Citations For in text web citations, follow the author/year format, if the author and date are available. For quotations, give page numbers or paragraph numbers (where there are no page numbers). Use either ¶ or para. as an abbreviation for paragraph. If page or paragraph numbers are not available, they can be omitted from the in-text citation. Electronic Sources -- direct quote (1) "Allergies may be caused by dust, dust mites, pollen, or mold" (Kendal, 2000, ¶ 4). Electronic Sources -- direct quote (2) "Allergies may be caused by dust, dust mites, pollen, or mold" (Kendal, 2000, para. 4). Electronic Sources -- paraphrase People with allergies are usually affected by dust, pollen, or mold (Kendal, 2000). back to top Quotes of 40 Words or More If your quote is more than 40 words, indent 5 spaces on a separate line and then begin the quote. Continue the double space rule. Do not use quotation marks. Gallaudet University received a lot of publicity during the 1988 DPN Rallies. It was a time when deaf people learned about the strength of their community. According to Jack Gannon (1989): The student protest that shut down Gallaudet University the week of March 6-13, 1988, accomplished far more than just the selection of the world's first deaf university president. It proved, convincingly, that deaf people could band together effectively for a common cause and succeed. The protest experiences taught deaf people about the needs and values of being more assertive. (p. 15) It also reaffirmed that the deaf population has a voice worth listening to, and that they will fight to be heard by Gallaudet's Board of Trustees. back to top Reference Format You can check for more information about listing references on pages 215-282 in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (Fifth Edition, 2001). To see an example of an APA style reference page, visit our APA Style Sample References. Placement of the List: Your reference list should be on a separate page, numbered sequentially with the rest of the paper. It should come after Notes pages, if there are any. You should title the reference list page, References. Spacing and Organization: Each entry should start on a new line. The references must be listed in alphabetical order, by author's last name, or by first significant word of the article title (if no author). Do not indent the first line, but the second line, and thereafter must be indented five spaces. (In a word-processing software such as Microsoft Word or Corel WordPerfect, you can use what is commonly called a "hanging indent" under 'Format, Paragraph'.) Use one space after a colon, comma, semicolon or period. Use one space after any sentence-ending punctuation. Information and Punctuation: When writing authors' names, use the author's last name, first initial, and middle initial, if any. If there is more than one author, use an ampersand (&) before the last author's name. Place date of publication in parenthesis after the name information (If there is no available date, put n.d. in parenthesis after the name information). For book and article titles, capitalize only the first word of the title, and the first word after a colon. Italicize the title of longer works, like books, magazines, newspapers, periodicals or journals that contain the cited articles. Include volume numbers as part of the title. (If you cannot italicize, use underlines.) Do not underline, italicize, or put quotes around titles of shorter works, like article titles. Do not abbreviate publication months; write out the full month name. Use the abbreviation p. or pp. before newspaper page numbers only. Do not use p. or pp. before page numbers for magazines, journals, or books. List all pages used, even if they are not continuous (32, 46-47). back to top References for Books For books, there are four main parts to the reference: author (year of publication) title of the book publication information (place of publication: publisher). Each of the four parts ends with a period followed by a space. The second line (and subsequent lines) of each entry is indented 5 spaces. (Also you can use the "hanging indent" feature in your word-processing software.) Book, one (1) author Clone, J.E. (1991). Learner’s grammar review. Washington, DC: American Educational System. Book, two (2) authors Carrey, A., & Hollis, F. (1989). Fish and underwater life. Boston: Big Press. Book, three (3) authors Carrey, A., Hollis, F., & Katerdunk, S. (1990). Early water experience. New York: Howard Press. Book, more than 3 authors Elliot, C., Harvey, K., Silverman, E., & Mudd, J. (2000). Fighting the winter blues. Philadelphia: Made-Up Press. Book, no author named Writing strategies for first time writers (6th ed.). (1998). Springfield, IL: Writers Association. Edited book Giblets, K.N., & Homey, J.N. (Eds.). (1993). Children behaviors: Behavior modifications and interventions. San Francisco: Jonessy-Blithum. back to top References for Articles Citations for periodical articles have four main parts: author. (date of publication). -- most magazine and newspaper articles, you should use the year followed by a comma and the month. If it is a daily publication, you should also include the day. title of the article. publication information. -- (generally the periodical title, volume number, and page number). The volume number should be a part of the periodical title. Use pp. or p. before the page numbers for newspaper and encyclopedia articles only. Journal Article Buman, J.A. (1993). Finding ways to overcome college stress. Stress Reliever, 24, 12-16. Magazine Article Posher, N.I. (1992, October 24). How to budget your finances wisely. Money Wise, 432, 13-17. Newspaper Article Celtan, B. E. (1996, Spring). Gas prices expected to increase. Washington Outlook, 14, pp. 4-5. Newspaper Article, no author Diet rites. (1997, August/September). Health Wise Editor, 3, pp. 1-2. Encyclopedia or Dictionary Entry Statton. B. (Ed.). (1983). Idioms. The dictionary of deaf culture (4th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 142-156). Washington: Deaf Press. back to top Electronic Sources The rules surrounding electronic media are still developing. You should check with your professor to be sure he/she will accept the following format. APA format currently requires that you make a "retrieval statement" that identifies the date of retrieval and the source (DIALOG, WESTLAW, Electric Library), followed by the name of the specific database used and any other information that is necessary to find the article. For World Wide Web sites, you should give the current URL address that points to the website. For most articles from electronic sources, there are six main parts to the reference: author -- write the last name followed by a comma, then the first and middle initials each followed by a period (date of publication) -- for most electronic sources, this should be the date it was made available on the internet, including year, month and day (if available) title of the article. title of book, magazine, newspaper, periodical or journal (if applicable) publication information -- this generally includes the city of publication and publisher If there is a city of publication, but no publisher, simply write "Author" for the publisher name. retrieval information -- (date of retrieval, world wide web or database address) Internet article, one author, with city of publication and publisher Harris, P.K. (1998, July 14). The young generation. Seattle: Coastal University. Retrieved June 5, 2000, from http://www.coastaluniversity.edu/younggen Internet article, one author, with city of publication, no publisher Pruzzles, T. P. (1999, October 12). Farewell J.F.K., Jr. Washington, DC: Author. Retreived October 1, 2000, from http://www.inmemory.com/~pruzzles/jfkjr.html Internet article, no author, with city of publication and publisher Juror’s perceptions of the justice system. (1999, November 19). Washington, DC: American Justice. Retrieved June 9, 2000, from http://www.armericanjustice.org Internet article, group author, with city of publication, no publisher Central Intelligence Agency. (2000, March 14). Keeping our computers safe. Cryptology. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved June 10, 2000, from http://www.cia.com/cryptology Internet article, group author, no city of publication, no publisher The International Cooking School. (2000, April 5). High protein meals, 13, 1202-1273. Retrieved September 14, 2000, from EFTWORK database. Internet article, one author, no publication date, no city of publication, no publisher. Fisher, H. (n.d.). The best way to entertain your cat. Cats are fun. Retrieved August 4, 2000, from http://www.catsarefun.com/entertain back to top Nonprint Media Sources For most nonprint media, there are six main parts to the reference: writer/director/producer's last name followed by a comma, then the first initial followed by a period. in parenthesis, write the person's title (producer, director, writer) followed by a period. (date of publication). -- this should be the year it was produced and released to the public. title of media [type of media]. publication information. -- this generally includes the city of publication and publisher. Film (Motion Picture) Redford, R. (Director). (1980). Ordinary people [Motion Picture]. Los Angeles: Paramount. Television Broadcast Holdt, D. (Executive Producer). (1997, October 11). A River at High Summer: The St. Lawrence [Televison broadcast]. Boston: Public Broadcasing Service. Cassette Lake, F.L. (Author and speaker). (1989). Bias and organizational decision making [Cassette]. Gainesville: Edwards. Musical recording Barber, S. (1995). Cello Sonata. On Barber [CD]. New York: EMI Records Ltd. back to top You can visit the following links for more information: Web Extension to American Psychological Association Style (WEAPAS) APA Style.org

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Updated April 18, 2003
Copyright© 1997-present by English Works! at Gallaudet University, Washington, D.C.
TTY: (202) 651-5832 -Comments and questions- email us

International Addresses and Salutations from http://www.bspage.com/address.html

http://www.bspage.com/address.html

Country


Postal Address


Address Elements


Salutations

Argentina

Sr. Juan Pérez
Editorial Internacional S.A.
Av. Sarmiento 1337, 8º P. C
C1035AAB BUENOS AIRES - CF

S.A.=Sociedad Anónima (corporation)
Av. Sarmiento = name of street
1337 = building number
8º = 8th. P = Piso (floor)
C = room or suite
C1035AAB = postcode + city
CF = Capital Federal

Sr.= Señor (Mr.)
Sra.= Señora (Mrs.)
Srta.= Señorita (Miss)
Don't use given names except with people you know well!

Australia

Mr. Roger Lewis
International Publishing Pty.Ltd.
166 Kent Street, Level 9
GPO Box 3542
SYDNEY NSW 2001

Pty.Ltd.= Proprietory Limited (corp.)
166 = building number
Kent Street = name of street
Level = floor
GPO Box = Post office box
city + state (abbrev.) + postcode

Mr. and Mrs. used on first contact. (Ms. not common)
Business is informal -use given name freely.

Austria

Herrn
Dipl.-Ing. J.Gerdenitsch
International Verlag Ges.m.b.H.
Glockengasse 159
1010 WIEN

Herrn = To Mr. Separate line.
Dipl.-Ing.= engineering degree
Ges.m.b.H.= a corporation
Glockengasse = street name
159 = building number
1010 = postcode + city
(WIEN is Vienna)

Herr= Mr. Frau= Mrs.
Fräulein obsolete in business, so do not use Miss. Given names are almost never used in business.

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Address Elements

Salutations

Belgium
(French speaking)

Monsieur L. Bogaerts
Éditions Internationales S.A.
Rue P. J. Delcloche 19
4020 LIÈGE

S.A.= a corporation
Rue = street
19 = building number
4020 = postcode + city
(City must be capitalized)

Monsieur = Mr.
Southern Belgium speaks French. Use Mr./Mrs. or Monsieur/Madame.

Belgium
(Flemish/ Dutch speaking)

Dhr. W. Sterckx
Internationale
Uitgeversmaatschappij N.V.
Pelikaanstraat 104
2018 ANTWERPEN

N.V. = a corporation
Pelikaanstraat = street name
104 = building number
2018 = postcode + city
(Brussels is bi-lingual.)

Dhr.= De heer (Mr.)
North Belgium speaks Flemish/Dutch. Use Mr. and Mrs. -Flemish/ Dutch equivalents are generally not used.

Brazil

Ilmo. Sr.
Gilberto Rabello Ribeiro
Editores Internacionais S.A.
Rua da Ajuda, 228-6º Andar
Caixa Postal 2574
20040-000
RIO DE JANEIRO - RJ

Ilmo.= Ilustrissimo (honorific)
Ilma.= Ilustrissima (hon.female)
S.A.=Sociedade Anônima(corporation)
Rua = street, da Ajuda = street name
228 = building number
6º = 6th. Andar = floor
Caixa Postal = P.O.box
20040-000 = postcode + city
- RJ = state (abbrev.)

Sr.= Senhor (Mr.)
Sra.= Senhora (Mrs.)
Srta.=Senhorita(Miss)
Family name at end -eg.Senhor Ribeiro (Rabello is mother's family - as Portugal) Given names readily used in business.


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Postal Address

Address Elements

Salutations

Canada
(English speaking)

Jane MacAllister
International Publishing, Ltd.
249 Adelaide St. E., Suite 203
TORONTO ON M5A 1N1

Ltd.= Limited liability corporation
249 = building number
St.= street. E.= East
Suite = office in a shared building
City + two-letter province abbrev.
Postcode with space.

Business somewhat informal and use of given names common. Mr.,Mrs.,and Miss or Ms.

Canada
(French speaking)

Jean-Louis Maçon
Éditions Internationales Ltêe.
1901 rue Notre-Dame O.,bur.75
Case Postale 1123
MONTRÉAL PQ H3A 2T7

Ltée = Limitée (corporation)
1901 = building number
rue = street
O.= Ouest (West)
bur.= bureau (room or suite)
Case Postale = P.O. box
Last 3 elements must be on same line.

Monsieur, Madame and Mademoiselle used, best not to abbreviate.

China

Xia Zhiyi
International Publishing Ltd.
14 Jianguolu
Chaoyangqu
BEIJING 100025

Ltd.= Limited liability corporation
14 = building number
Jianguolu = street name (lu = street)
Chaoyangqu = district name
City + postcode
Mandarin Chinese is official written language of all China.

Family name (single syllable) first, Given name (2- syllables) second -sometimes reversed.
Use Mr. or Ms. at all times - Mr.Xia

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Postal Address

Address Elements

Salutations

Denmark

Anders Sørensen
Internationalt Forlag a/s
Vesterbrogade 8, 5.th
1780 KØBENHAVN V

a/s = a corporation
-gade = street
8 = building number
5 = 5th.floor. th = on the right
1780 = postcode + city
V = Postal district (V = West)

Hr. = Mr. Fr. = Ms.
Do not use Miss.
Business is informal -use given names freely.

Country
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Postal Address

Address Elements

Salutations

France

Monsieur LEFÈVRE Alain
Éditions Internationales S.A.
Siège Social
Immeuble Le Bonaparte
64-68, av. Galliéni
B.P. 154
75942 PARIS CEDEX 19

S,A.= Société Anonyme
Siège Social = head office
Immeuble = building + name
64-68 = building occupies 64, 66, 68
av. = avenue (no initial capital)
B.P.= Boîte Postale (P.O.box)
93155 = postcode
CEDEX = postcode is for P.O.box

Monsieur = Mr.
Madame = Mrs.
Mademoiselle = Miss
Best not to abbreviate.
Family name is sometimes capitalized with given name following.

Country
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Postal Address

Address Elements

Salutations

Germany

Herrn
Gerhardt Schneider
International Verlag GmbH
Schillerstraße 159
44147 DORTMUND

Herrn = To Herr, on separate line.
GmbH = Inc. (incorporated)
-straße = street ('ß' often written 'ss')
159 = building number
44147 = postcode + city

Herr= Mr. Frau= Mrs. Fräulein obsolete in business. Business is formal. Do not use given names unless invited. Use academic titles precisely.

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Postal Address

Address Elements

Salutations

India

Shyam Lal Gupta
International
Publishing (Pvt.) Ltd.
1820 Rehaja Centre
214, Darussalam Road
Andheri East
BOMBAY - 400049

(Pvt.) = privately owned
Ltd.= Limited liability corporation
1820 = poss. office #20 on 18th floor
Rehaja Centre = building name
214 = building number
Andheri East = suburb name
City + hyphen + postcode

Shri = Mr.
Shrimati = Mrs. but Mr., Mrs. and Miss are used. English is a common business language. Given names are used only by family and close friends.

Israel

Ephraim Ben-Aharon
International Publishers Ltd.
25, Druyanov Street
63143 TEL AVIV

English company names are common.
Ltd.= Limited liability corporation
25 = building number
63143 = postcode + city

Use Mr. and Ms. on first contact, but given names are freely used in business.

Italy

Egr. Sig.
Giacomo Mariotti
Edizioni Internazionali S.p.A.
Via Terenzio, 21
20138 MILANO

Egr.= Egregio (honorific)
Sig.= Signor (not nec. separate line)
S.p.A.= Società per Azioni (corp.)
Via = street
21 = building number
20138 = postcode + city

Signore (Sig.) = Mr.
Signora (Sig.ra) = Mrs.
(Ms.= Sig.a) Women in business addressed as Signora.
Use given name only when invited.

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Postal Address

Address Elements

Salutations

Japan

Mr. Taro Tanaka
Kokusai Shuppan K.K.
10-23, 5-chome, Minamiazabu
Minato-ku
TOKYO 106

K.K.= Kabushiki Kaisha (corporation)
10 = Lot number
23 = building number
5-chome = area #5
Minamiazabu = neighborhood name
Minato-ku = city district
City + postcode

Given names not used in business. Family name + job title are used.
Or use family name + -san. (Tanaka-san) More respectfully, add -sama or -dono.

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Postal Address

Address Elements

Salutations

Korea

Mr. KIM Chang-ik
International Publishers Ltd.
Room 206, Korea Building
33-4 Nonhyon-dong
Kangnam-ku
SEOUL 135-010

English company names common.
Ltd.= a corporation
206= Office number inside the building
33-4 = Area 4 of subdivision 33
-dong = city neighborhood name
-ku = subdivision of city
City + postcode

Family name normally first but sometimes placed after given name. A 2-part name is the given name.
Use Mr./Mrs in letters, job title in speech.

Country
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Postal Address

Address Elements

Salutations

Mexico

Sr. Francisco Pérez Martínez
Editores Internacionales S.A.
Independencia No.322
Col. Juárez
06050 MEXICO D.F.

S.A.= Sociedad Anónima (corporation)
Independencia = street name
No.= Número (Number)
322 = building number
Col.= Colonia (city district)
Juárez = Locality name
06050= postcode + city
D.F.= Distrito Federal(Federal capital)

Señor (Sr.)=Mr.
Señora (Sra.)=Mrs.
Señorita (Srta.)=Miss
Family name in middle -eg.Sr.Pérez (Martínez is mother's family). Given names are used in business.

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Postal Address

Address Elements

Salutations

Poland

Pan Robert Kowalski
Biuro Tlumaczen Sp. z o.o.
ul. Grodzka 25/4
31-525 KRAKOW

Sp. z o.o.= Limited liability corporation
ul. = Street
25 = Building number
4 = Suite number
31-525 = postcode + city

Pan = Mr.
Pani = Mrs./Ms./Miss
Given name is first. Business is rather formal, do not use given names unless invited.

Portugal

Exmo. Senhor
Luis Martins Rodrigues
Internacional Edição S.A.
Rua de S. Bento, 39-4.B
Apartado 2574
1114 LISBOA CODEZ

Exmo.= honorific
Senhor = Mr.(not usually abbreviated)
S.A.= Sociedade Anônima (corp.)
Rua = street
39=building number,4th.floor,office B
Apartado = P.O.box
1114 = postcode + city
CODEX says postcode is for P.O.box.

Senhor =Mr.
Senhora =Mrs.
Senhorita =Miss
Family name at end -eg.Senhor Rodrigues (Martins is mother's family).

Country
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Postal Address

Address Elements

Salutations

Saudi Arabia

Ahmad Faraj Al Ghamdi
International Publishing Ltd.
P.O.Box 4732
RIYADH 11491

English company names are used.
Ltd.= a corporation
P.O.Boxes always used.
- no postal delivery to street addresses.
City + postcode

Use Mr.+ given name -Mr.Ahmad- or family name -Mr.Al Ghamdi.
'Sheikh' used for Royal family and sometimes for senior executives.


South Africa

Mr. Mandla Ntuli
International
Publishing (Pty.)Ltd.
Private Bag X2581
JOHANNESBURG 2000

Pty.= Proprietory (privately owned)
Ltd.= a corporation
Private Bag = P.O.Box
City + postcode (or Postcode + city) Official languages English and Afrikaans (similar to Dutch)




Meneer (Mnr.) = Mr.
Mevrou (mev.) = Mrs.
Mejuffrou (Miss) not used in business.
Business becoming less formal, use of given names possible.

Spain

Sr. Don
Alberto López Cisneros
Editores Internacionales S.A.
Calle San Bernado, 15-3º-C
28015 MADRID

Sr.= Mr.(on separate line)
Don/Doña = respectful additional title
S.A.= Sociedad Anónima (corporation)
Calle = street
San Bernado = street name
15 = building number,3rd.floor,suite C
28015 = postcode + city

Señor (Sr.)=Mr.
Señora (Sra.)=Mrs.
Señorita (Srta.)=Miss
Family name in middle -Sr.López (Cisneros is mother's family name) Given names not used in business. Use Señor rather than Mr.

Country
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Postal Address

Address Elements

Salutations

United Kingdom

Mr. N. J. Lancaster
International Publishing Ltd.
Kingsbury House
12 Kingsbury Road
EDGEWARE
Middlesex HA8 9XG

N. J.= initials of given names.
Ltd.= Limited liability corporation.
Kingsbury House = building name.
12 = building number.
Kingsbury Road = name of street/road
EDGEWARE = city (capitalized)
Middlesex = county (not capitalized)
HA8 9XG = postcode (after 6 spaces -or on separate line)

Mr. and Ms. mostly. Mrs./Miss sometimes used in North and by older women.
Given names -called Christian names- used in business after some time - Wait to be invited.

United States

Ellen Krueger Murphy
International Publishing Inc.
16850 S. Union St., Suite.2250
HOUSTON TX 77002


Inc.= Incorporated (a corporation)
16850 = building number.
S.= South section.
Union St.= name of street.
Suite = shared office in large building.
2250 = suite number.
HOUSTON = city name.
TX = standard 2-letter State abbrev.
77002 = postcode.

Use Mr. and Ms. in correspondence. (Mrs. and Miss rarely used in business.)
Use Mr. and Ms. on first contact but change to given names quickly.

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Postal Address

Address Elements

Salutations

Venezuela

Sr. José González
Editores Internacionales C.A.
Edif. Bolívar, Piso 7, Of. 3-A
Av. Madrid No. 322
Urb. Las Mercedes
CARACAS 1060, D.F.

C.A.= Compañía Anónima (corp.)
Edif.= Edificio (Building)
Bolívar = name of building.
Piso 7 = 7th.floor.
Of.= Oficina (Suite), number 3-A
Av.=Avenida (Avenue)
No.= Número (Number) 322
Urb.= Urbanización
Las Mercedes = name of locality.
CARACAS = city + postcode
D.F.= Distrito Federal (Fed. District)

Señor (Sr.)=Mr.
Señora (Sra.)=Mrs. (Señorita (Srta.)=Miss not used in business)
Family name in middle (as Spain) - Mother's name usually dropped for business. Given names used - wait to be invited.

10 Step to Creating a Dynamic Resume -- from Skyline College

Skyline College Career Center

10 Step to Creating a Dynamic Resume

Step I. Define your Target Job (Job Objective)

Before you can begin writing a resume, you must know what type of job you will be preparing a resume for. Clearly, your job objective will guide your entire resume. This will tell the employer which type of job you will be applying for. It will also allow you to focus on identifying those skills for which the job is calling for.

Step II. Research what specific skills, knowledge, and relevant experience is needed

for the target job.

Now that you have decided which job you will be applying for, you will need to research the specific skills, knowledge, or experience, you will need for this job. The closer your skills and experience fit the “need” of the job, the greater the likelihood that you will have of obtaining an interview for this job. One way to identify the specific skills, etc. needed for the job is to review the description of the job for which you are applying. It will tell you specifically what the employer is looking for in an employee.

Another resource is the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. The Dictionary of Occupational Titles, published by the Department of Labor, is a book with a listing of over 17,00 job titles in the United States. The DOT descriptions could provide you with the following information for each job title listed: specific job duties, interaction with data, people, and things; education; and strength requirements. Use the DOT to get ideas on language that you could include in your resume. In addition, Eureka Computer Information System also offers detailed information on job descriptions and characteristics.

Step III. Identify and list three or four of your strongest skills, abilities, and specific knowledge

that makes you a good candidate for the job.

To begin this process, write down all of your skills, abilities, and specific knowledge (regardless of whether they fit the requirements of the job or not). Consider clustering (and identifying) your skills in the following three ways: Occupational Skills, Personal Skills, and Transferable Skills. For more information on skill identification, go to www.smmcd.net/skillscan to obtain a detailed skills profile that will assist you in identifying your skills.

Step IV. Select from your key skills, accomplishments from your past work history that illustrate that you are a good candidate for the target job.

Take a minute to review your personal Skillscan profile completed in Step III. Locate those skills that best “fit” what the employer is looking for. Hint: Use the job description (if you have it handy) to match what the employer qualifications for the job and compare those to what you have.

Step V. Describe each accomplishment in a simple action statement that emphasizes the results, which benefit your employer.

When listing accomplishments, use action statements that show results. Hint: Don’t fall into the trap of just listing what you did while on the job; show results by using action words and quantifying your results. For example, instead of saying your efficiency in delivering of newspapers to customers resulted in increased newspaper sales, say by how many customers you increased your distribution list by. (See list of Action Words on Resume Guide).

Step VI. Make a chronological list of the main jobs you have held (Include unpaid work which fills a gap or that demonstrates you have the necessary skills for the job).

Remember that experience does not necessarily have to be paid experience. Be sure to include volunteer work/internships. A good tip to remember is to list every job you have held by jotting down duties and responsibilities held at the job site. Do not leave anything out, whether you think it is small or menial. Don’t make the mistake of discarding activities that you did in your job, volunteer, or internship site. Doing so will only limit your work experiences, not clearly representing your skills and abilities to the employer and limiting your job opportunities. Delete work experiences that are not relevant to the targeted job, only after you have completed your entire list and have exhausted the possibilities of everything you have done!

Step VII. Make a list of your education and training relevant to the new job objective.

When listing your education, remember to think of the courses that you took, or are taking in college. You probably have learned some great skills in college that can easily be applied to a job at this very moment. Hint: Take out your syllabus from your classes (Another Hint: Keep all your class syllabi). They are a great resource when writing resumes and trying to recall what you have learned!). Scan your syllabus for skills you have learned or projects that you have completed, which could easily be transferred to a job for which you are applying.

Step VIII. Select a resume format that best highlights your individual skills and accomplishments.

Refer to the Resume Formats described in the Job Search site of the Career Web Page.

Step IX. Arrange your action statements according to the format you chose.

How you present the information on your resume will depend on the resume format you choose. Again, refer to the resume formats on the Job Search site of the Career Web page.

Step IX. Summarize your key points at or near the top of the resume.

You have probably seen this summary called: Summary, Summary of Qualifications, Highlights of Qualifications. What you call it is up to you. Be creative but follow the following guidelines when writing your summary.

Interviews -- from MarketWatch, Inc

Job interviews can get personal, so be ready
Marshall Loeb
MarketWatch, Inc - October 5, 2005

(Editor's note: This is an update of a Sept. 27 story to clarify where discrimination on the basis of sexual preference is illegal.)

NEW YORK (MarketWatch) -- Once it was considered a faux pas for recruiters to ask about your family life or political affiliation. But today, as many more jobs are filled through social networking -- friends setting up other friends -- it's more common to be asked about those or other personal topics during a job interview.

It is illegal to discriminate based on gender, race, national origin, marital status, sexual preference (in 16 states and the District of Columbia), religion, age or disability. Interviewers usually avoid asking questions on those subjects and other topics that are not directly work-related because it opens up the chance that an applicant turned down on qualifications can claim he or she was discriminated against.

But personal topics do arise, especially if they may affect your ability to do your job. A recruiter might ask about your family, for example, if the job in question requires extensive travel or long hours. He or she may ask about your physical health if the job requires heavy lifting.

Be careful what information you volunteer. Remember that any personal details you give become fair game for questions. Before the interview, think about what information you would mind sharing versus what you would not.

If the interview veers into the realm of your personal life, steer it back to a job discussion. Try to turn any personal information you've given into assets that would help your being hired.

If you've mentioned living in a foreign country, for example, and have picked up a second language, explain how this increases your efficiency at work. But if you are asked something personal, ask some questions of your own such as, "Is this something that's important to your hiring decision?"

Be polite, and don't get aggressive. Keep in mind that the recruiter may have a valid reason for asking a question. No matter why you're being asked, a nasty response will only serve as a mark against you.

Evaluate the interview as you would a first date. If you are treated poorly or made to feel uncomfortable during an interview, it's a reasonable indication of what you could expect on the job.
(c) 1997-2005 MarketWatch.com, Inc. All rights reserved.

HotJobs.com - Company Profile

About HotJobs:
Company Profile

As a leader in the online recruiting industry, Yahoo! HotJobs (www.hotjobs.com) has revolutionized the way people manage their careers and the way companies hire talent. Yahoo! HotJobs' tools and advice put job seekers in control of their careers and make it easier and more cost-effective for employers and staffing firms to find qualified candidates. In addition to its popular consumer job board, Yahoo! HotJobs provides employers, recruiters, and staffing agencies with progressive recruiting solutions and hiring management software. Job seekers voted Yahoo! HotJobs the (2002, 2003) "Best General Purpose Job Board for Job Seekers," and recruiters voted Yahoo! HotJobs the (2003) "Most Recruiter-Friendly General Purpose Site" in a survey conducted by WEDDLE's.